![]() ![]() The apple, famous for its rich vitamin and mineral with high-nutritional value, is one of the most consumed fruits worldwide. ![]() The best prediction models for SSC and firmness parameters were achieved based on the μ a × μ s′, whereas those for color parameters of b* and C* were based on the μ eff, with the correlation coefficients of prediction as 0.66, 0.68, 0.73, 0.79, 0.86, and 0.86, respectively. Better prediction results for quality parameters based on the μ a were observed than those based on the μ s′, and the combinations further improved the prediction performance, compared to the individual μ a or μ s′. Support vector machine (SVM), multiple linear regression (MLR), and partial least square (PLS) models were developed based on μ a, μ s′ and their combinations ( μ a × μ s′ and μ eff) for predicting apple qualities, among which SVM outperformed the best. ![]() There was no noticeable spatial variation in the optical property mapping based on the resulting effect of different sizes of the region of interest (ROI) on the average optical properties. A laboratory-based multispectral SFDI system was developed for acquiring SFDI of 140 “Golden Delicious” apples, from which absorption coefficient ( μ a) and reduced scattering coefficient ( μ s′) mappings were quantitatively determined using the three-phase demodulation coupled with curve-fitting method. This paper reports on the measurement of optical property mapping of apples at the wavelengths of 460, 527, 630, and 710 nm using spatial-frequency domain imaging (SFDI) technique, for assessing the soluble solid content (SSC), firmness, and color parameters.
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